Restorative dentistry deals with treating lesions affecting the enamel and dentin caused by decay or trauma. The goal is to restore the normal function and aesthetics of the teeth.

This result can be achieved with a direct technique, in which the cavity is prepared and filled in the same session. Alternatively, an indirect technique is used, in which the dentist prepares a cavity, takes an impression, and the dental laboratory then creates a custom-made restoration that is cemented into the tooth during a subsequent session. The aesthetic, functional, and long-lasting results are significantly improved with this technique, which is typically used for more significant tooth loss. The direct technique, on the other hand, is most commonly used for small to medium-sized lesions.

The most commonly used material in the past for molars and premolars was silver amalgam. Today, composite resins are used, which not only improve aesthetics but also allow for more conservative cavities.